Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Anatomi Aksesi Mangga Dodor (Mangifera SP.) di Kecamatan Sindue Kabupaten Donggala

Mango (Mangifera indica), is a fruit that comes from India, it has many varieties. Mangoes are generally marketed in the form of fresh, both for domestic and export purposes. The objectives of this study were to assess the accession mango dodor in Lembah Palu through characterization of morphological and anatomical Toaya and Lero Village Donggala District. The research method using accessibility method by observing plant morphology character was continued with characterization of diversity using cluster analysis using systat software 0.8. The results showed that there were several different accessions in each village in Sindue subdistrict based on morphological and anatomical characteristics.The different accessions in Toaya Village at a distance of 0.6 were obtained TF11, TF9, TF14. Lero village have different accessions, namely LR6, LR14, and LR13 and in Sindue sub-districts TF9, LR6, and LR15

Color Reduction in Hand-drawn Persian Carpet Cartoons before Discretization using image segmentation and finding edgy regions

In this paper, we present a method for color reduction of Persian carpet cartoons that increases both speed and accuracy of editing. Carpet cartoons are in two categories: machine-printed and hand-drawn. Hand-drawn cartoons are divided into two groups: before and after discretization. The purpose of this study is color reduction of hand-drawn cartoons before discretization. The proposed algorithm consists of the following steps: image segmentation, finding the color of each region, color reduction around the edges and final color reduction with C-means. The proposed method requires knowing the desired number of colors in any cartoon. In this method, the number of colors is not reduced to more than about 1.3 times of the desired number. Automatic color reduction is done in such a way that final manual editing to reach the desired colors is very easy

Reactivity of [Re\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e(CO)\u3csub\u3e8\u3c/sub\u3e(MeCN)\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e] with Thiazoles: Hydrido Bridged Dirhenium Compounds Bearing Thiazoles in Different Coordination Modes

Reactions of the labile compound [Re2(CO)8(MeCN)2] with thiazole and 4-methylthiazole in refluxing benzene afforded the new compounds [Re2(CO)7{μ-2,3-η2-C3H(R)NS}{η1-NC3H2(4-R)S}(μ-H)] (1, R = H; 2, R = CH3), [Re2(CO)6{μ-2,3-η2-C3H(R)NS}{η1-NC3H2(4-R)S}2(μ-H)] (3, R = H; 4, R = CH3) and fac-[Re(CO)3(Cl){η1-NC3H2(4-R)S}2] (5, R = H; 6, R = CH3). Compounds 1 and 2 contain two rhenium atoms, one bridging thiazolide ligand, coordinated through the C(2) and N atoms and a η1-thiazole ligand coordinated through the nitrogen atom to the same Re as the thiazolide nitrogen. Compounds 3 and 4 contain a Re2(CO)6 group with one bridging thiazolide ligand coordinated through the C(2) and N atoms and two N-coordinated η1-thiazole ligands, each coordinated to one Re atom. A hydride ligand, formed by oxidative-addition of C(2)–H bond of the ligand, bridges Re–Re bond opposite the thiazolide ligand in compounds 1–4. Compound 5 contains a single rhenium atom with three carbonyl ligands, two N-coordinated η1-thiazole ligands and a terminal Cl ligand. Treatment of both 1 and 2 with 5 equiv. of thiazole and 4-methylthiazole in the presence of Me3NO in refluxing benzene afforded 3 and 4, respectively. Further activation of the coordinated η1-thiazole ligands in 1–4 is, however, unsuccessful and results only nonspecific decomposition. The single-crystal XRD structures of 1–5 are reported

The role of ergonomic training interventions on decreasing neck and shoulders pain among workers of an Iranian automobile factory: A randomized trial study

Background: Ergonomic training had been implemented for prevention or reduction of neck and shoulder complaints among workers. The purpose of the present study was to assess the role of ergonomic training intervention on decreasing the prevalence of neck and shoulder complaints among workers of an automobile factory. Methods: Within the present randomized clinical trial, the role of three ergonomic training methods on the prevalence of neck and shoulders pain among 503 workers of an automobile factory (Response rate: 94.23) was assessed. The eligible workers were randomly allocated into the following three interventional (pamphlet, lecture, workshop) groups and one control group. The Nordic questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of neck and shoulder complaints. We followed and assessed the prevalence of neck and shoulders complaints among the study employees before and one year after the intervention. We used chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests to compare the prevalence of neck and shoulder complaints between the trial and control groups. A two-tailed P-value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of neck and shoulders complaints among the study employees at the recent week (p= 0.002) and year (p= 0.02) had been significantly decreased in the study employees after participating in the study workshop. The prevalence of neck and shoulders complaints at the recent week and year did not significantly changed in the study employees after receiving the pamphlet and lecture as ergonomic trainings. Conclusion: Workshop as an ergonomic training method had an effective and powerful role on decreasing the prevalence of neck and shoulders complaints among workers

The effect of physical and psychosocial occupational factors on the chronicity of low back pain in the workers of Iranian metal industry: A cohort study

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common problems among the workers of different industries. The role of occupational factors in causing the LBP has been indicated previously. LBP has great socio-economic costs and most of its costs are related to the chronic LBP. The aim of this study was to identify the occupational risk factors that are related to the progression of the LBP from acute to chronic phase. Methods: This cohort study has been conducted on 185 workers with acute LBP. Information related to their occupational exposure at baseline has been measured with a valid questionnaire using the self-report approach. Patients follow up was done monthly for three months after the start of the pain. Those workers whose occupational exposure had not changed during the follow up were divided into two groups of chronic LBP (n = 49) and cured (n = 136) according to the duration of the pain period (more or less than 3 months), and their job exposures were compared. Results: Among the physical and psychosocial risk factors, social support (OR = 0.466, CI = 0.231-0.940) and job satisfaction (OR = 0.455, CI = 0.232-0.891), and lifting weights more than 15kg (OR = 2.482, CI = 1.274-4.834) indicated a significant relationship with the chronicity of the LBP. After putting the variables into the regression model, only lifting > 15kg remained statistically significant. Conclusion: According to the observed relationship between these occupational risk factors (social support, job satisfaction, lifting > 15kg) and the chronicity of the LBP, there is hope that eliminating these factors in the workers with acute LBP will prevent its progression to the chronic phase

A 21 day Daniel Fast improves selected biomarkers of antioxidant status and oxidative stress in men and women

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Dietary modification via both caloric and nutrient restriction is associated with multiple health benefits, some of which are related to an improvement in antioxidant status and a decrease in the production of reactive oxygen species. The Daniel Fast is based on the Biblical book of Daniel, is commonly partaken for 21 days, and involves food intake in accordance with a stringent vegan diet. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of a 21 day Daniel Fast on biomarkers of antioxidant status and oxidative stress.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>43 subjects (13 men; 30 women; 35 ± 1 yrs; range: 20-62 yrs) completed a 21 day Daniel Fast following the guidelines provided by investigators. Subjects reported to the lab in a 12 hour post-absorptive state both pre fast (day 1) and post fast (day 22). At each visit, blood was collected for determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), nitrate/nitrite (NOx), Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC). Subjects recorded dietary intake during the 7 day period immediately prior to the fast and during the final 7 days of the fast.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A decrease was noted in MDA (0.66 ± 0.0.03 vs. 0.56 ± 0.02 μmol L^-1; p = 0.004), while H₂O₂demonstrated a trend for lowering (4.42 ± 0.32 vs. 3.78 ± 0.21 μmol L^-1; p = 0.074). Both NOx (18.79 ± 1.92 vs. 26.97 ± 2.40 μmol L^-1; p = 0.003) and TEAC (0.47 ± 0.01 vs. 0.51 ± 0.01 mmol L^-1; p = 0.001) increased from pre to post fast, while ORAC was unchanged (5243 ± 103 vs. 5249 ± 183 μmol L^-1TE; p = 0.974). As expected, multiple differences in dietary intake were noted (p < 0.05), including a reduction in total calorie intake (2185 ± 94 vs. 1722 ± 85).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Modification of dietary intake in accordance with the Daniel Fast is associated with an improvement in selected biomarkers of antioxidant status and oxidative stress, including metabolites of nitric oxide (i.e., NOx).</p

Simulation of High Conversion Efficiency and Open-circuit Voltages Of {\alpha}-si/poly-silicon Solar Cell

The P+ {\alpha}-Si /N+ polycrystalline solar cell is molded using the AMPS-1D device simulator to explore the new high efficiency thin film poly-silicon solar cell. In order to analyze the characteristics of this device and the thickness of N+ poly-silicon, we consider the impurity concentration in the N+ poly-silicon layer and the work function of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) in front contact in the calculation. The thickness of N+ poly-silicon has little impact on the device when the thickness varies from 20 {\mu}m to 300 {\mu}m. The effects of impurity concentration in polycrystalline are analyzed. The conclusion is drawn that the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of P+ {\alpha}-Si /N+ polycrystalline solar cell is very high, reaching 752 mV, and the conversion efficiency reaches 9.44%. Therefore, based on the above optimum parameters the study on the device formed by P+ {\alpha}-Si/N+ poly-silicon is significant in exploring the high efficiency poly-silicon solar cell.Comment: 8 pages 6figures, 1 table

Optical properties of carbon nanofiber photonic crystals

Carbon nanofibers (CNF) are used as components of planar photonic crystals. Square and rectangular lattices and random patterns of vertically aligned CNF were fabricated and their properties studied using ellipsometry. We show that detailed information such as symmetry directions and the band structure of these novel materials can be extracted from considerations of the polarization state in the specular beam. The refractive index of the individual nanofibers was found to be n_CNF = 4.1.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Tetranuclear Group 7/8 Mixed-Metal and Open Trinuclear Group 7 Metal Carbonyl Clusters Bearing Bridging 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole Ligands

The reactivity of group 7 metal dinuclear carbonyl complexes [M2(CO)6(μ-SN2C4H5)2] (1, M = Re; 2, M = Mn) toward group 8 metal trinuclear carbonyl clusters were examined. Reactions of 1 and 2 with [Os3(CO)10(NCMe)2] in refluxing benzene furnished the tetranuclear mixed-metal clusters [Os3Re(CO)13(μ3-SN2C4H5)] (3) and [Os3Mn(CO)13(μ3-SN2C4H5)] (4), respectively. Similar treatment of 1 and 2 with Ru3(CO)12 yielded the ruthenium analogs [Ru3Re(CO)13(μ3-SN2C4H5)] (5), and [Ru3Mn(CO)13(μ3-SN2C4H5)] (6), but in the case of 2 a secondary product [Mn3(CO)10(μ-Cl)(μ3-SN2C4H5)2] (7) was also formed. Compounds 3–6 have a butterfly core of four metal atoms with the M (Mn or Re) at a wingtip of the butterfly and containing a noncrystallographic mirror plane of symmetry. This result provides a potential method for the synthesis of a series of new group 7/8 mixed metal complexes containing a bifunctional heterocyclic ligand. Compound 7 is a unique example of a 54-electron trimanganese complex having bridging 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazolate and chloride ligands. Interestingly, the reaction of 1 with Fe3(CO)12 at 70–75 °C furnished the tri- and dirhenium complexes [Re3(CO)10(μ-H)(μ3-SN2C4H5)2] (8) and [Re2(CO)6(N2C4H5)(μ-SN2C4H5)2] (9), respectively instead of the expected formation of the mixed-metal clusters. The former is an interesting example of a 52-electron trirhenium-hydridic complex containing bridging 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazolate ligand, while the latter can be viewed as a 1-methylimidazole adduct of 1. No mixed Fe–Re complexes were produced in this reaction. The molecular structures of the new compounds 3–5 and 7–9 were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and the DFT studies of compounds 5, 7 and 8 are reported